wood. Origins: Caddo oral history says the tribe emerged from an underground cave, called Chahkanina or “the place of crying,” located at the confluence of the Red and Mississippi Rivers in northern Louisiana. Caddo Indians of Texas The Caddos came to East Texas from the Mississippi Valley around 800 A.D. Their territory included parts of Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana and East Texas. It is covered with cane. The Kadohadacho
by coiling long strings of clay and squeezing them together. for hunting and for war. lived in large villages along the Red river near the present day Oklahoma
a Caddo stone axe. The Caddo are thought to be an extension of Woodland period peoples, the Fourche Maline and Mossy Grove cultures, whose members were living in the area of Arkansas, Louisiana, Oklahoma, and Texas areas between 200 BCE and 800 CE. the woods they used wood for many things. Even $1.00 helps. Copyright by R E. Moore
On April 29, 2000 the Caddo Nation Tribal Council responded to tribal membership and enacted into law an ordinance establishing the Caddo Heritage Museum for the purpose of preserving and perpetuating Caddo history, culture and traditions by collecting, conserving, interpreting, and archiving, exhibiting and disseminating knowledge of the Caddo people from prehistoric time forward. the undergrowth out. They were descendants of the Caddoan Mississippian culture that constructed huge earthwork mounds at several sites in this territory. But, farming corn, beans, and squash provided the main source
The Piney Woods is a temperate coniferous forest ecoregion in present-day East Texas, southern Arkansas, western Louisiana, and southeastern Oklahoma. chief lived and a number of satellite villages up and down the Red river. Arkansas and Oklahoma. This is one way the
Hunting parties of men would be formed to travel west onto the
PO Box 728 around present day Nacogdoches. She dropped corn inside
They were a friendly and peaceful tribe who hunted, fished, made pottery and weapons. food like acorns, black berries, persimmons, roots and many other plants
It looks like a Caddo hut, but it is much smaller. Because they lived in
The Caddo lived in several tribal groups in southwest Arkansas and nearby areas of Texas, Louisiana, and Oklahoma from A.D. 1000 to about A.D. 1800. In fact, modern Nacogdoches is built on
Click
covered it with cut cane and long grasses. the woods cleared like a European park. These seven tribes include approximately 43,000 members who are eligible to … Their leader, named Moon, instructed the people not to look back. They earned a reputation as bow makers and traded bows made of Osage orange wood (bois d’arc). The Caddo people differ from most other American Indian groups that lived in Texas because of their territorial stability. Most Caddo people today live in Oklahoma. How is the Caddo Indian nation organized? Region. Did you like that myth? By the time of contact with Europeans, the Caddo were organized into three kin-based affiliated groups. This region has a good annual rainfall and is in
buffalo meat to preserve it so they could carry it home. One of the most significant sites of the Caddo is preserved and ready for visitors at Caddo Mounds State Historic Site, west of Nacogdoches. so do Americans, Canadians and Australians. Because it is so strong and flexible it is perfect for
Show: Questions Responses. The name Texas comes derives from the Caddo word 'taysha' meaning \"friend.\" This floor and the open sides were all
Here, temple mounds accompany a burial mound and village and their remains, now under the protection of the A woman pounded corn
These fires also made it easier to find acorns
By 1874 the boundaries of the Caddo reservation were defined, and the separate Caddo tribes agreed to unite as the unified Caddo Indian Tribe. There are many
They traded salt, which they obtained from saline springs near the Red and Ouachita rivers, with southeastern Indians. would use buffalo skins with the hair on them as blankets to keep warm
"those who are friends". The Caddo Indians, a tribe of Native Americans, were the original inhabitants of northwest Louisiana. The women would gather wild plant
Tribes Served by the Southern Plains Region. have bois de arc wood. things going. The Caddo were hunters, gatherers and farmers. Caddo, one tribe within a confederacy of North American Indian tribes comprising the Caddoan linguistic family. Wichita, and the Pawnee are two important tribes who speak a form of Caddoan. The
Although
The Caddoan tribes were consolidated enough by 1834 that the American agents had begun to treat them as though they were a single group. when man first entered this region. This is a good climate for farming. The Indians would do this in the fall and winter. with animal heads, tails, feet and other features molded onto it. Sometime between 700 and 800 they settled the area between the Arkansas River and the middle reaches of the Red, Sabine, Angelina, and Neches rivers and adopted agriculture. Smooth with age, it was
Other pottery was made
There are
If this is done every year or so, the fire keeps
Editor's note, TexasIndians.com added this picture to Jane Archer's myth
They would also hunt deer and
The bois de arc is an important tree to the Caddo. arc. The other was the Tejas or Hasinais Caddo who lived around present day Nacogdoches. Here, temple mounds accompany a burial mound and village and their remains, now under the protection of the Te-haas. The old Community House, built on five acres deeded to the Caddo Indian Tribe of Oklahoma by Fritz Hendrix and his wife Eva Longhorn Hendrix in 1940, was the center of activities for many years. Grab Bag. It is the white settlers around them who are doing most of the stealing, and violence. grass mats. 100. Texas Indian lands. The Tejas Caddo tribes were all "friends". These were not very sharp and cutting down a
springs, creeks, streams and several large rivers in this area. Ask your librarian
The Caddo proper originally occupied the lower Red River area in what are now Louisiana and Arkansas. Tejas is the Spanish spelling of the Caddo word and it is pronounced
This was a long trip that could take several weeks. site. The inside of the huts had
and squash. They also saved
They grew corn and pumpkins as primary crops which, later combined with beans and squash, stimulated population growth. Settlement and use of lands had great permanence: the Caddo lived and sustained themselves in the same broad forested and well-watered landscape for over 1,000 years. Look at the map of East
kind of molded pottery is called effigy pottery. There are a number of
HOUSES
axes. Scholars have identified three confederations of people who had the Caddo language in common: the Kaddahadacho along the Great Bend Region of the Red River; the Hasinais between wood. YOU really help. Southern Plains Region. Now back to the story. of food. Pottery is also good for cooking
TEXAS!!! ... year and the Anglo-Americans who ruled the republic after 1836 and the state after 1845 were extremely hostile to the Indians of the region. The bois de arc only grows in this region, so
The name Caddo derives from a French abbreviation of Kadohadachho (“real chief”). MORE THAN MOUND BUILDERS The Caddo Indians dominated much of the eastern region of Texas for more than 500 years (A.D. 800-1300). top of one of the largest of the old Hasinai villages. burned areas than in undergrowth. These huts could be very large. Picture by R. E. Moore. trees with thick bark. The Caddo Nation is a confederacy of several Native American tribes who historically inhabited much of what is now East Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. for sharing it with us. farmed corn, beans, squash and other crops. Today we would call these crimes racial hate crimes. Bows and arrows were the favorite weapon
There were two main groups
It's safe and
Yup, Texas is a Caddoan word. The Caddo are descended from the prehistoric Fourche Maline and Mossy Grove people who settled this area between 200 BCE to 800 BCE. This tribe lived in the Mountains and Basins Region., The Caddo tribe lived in this region., This tribe lived in the Great Plains region., The Karankawa lived in this region. Check out the 1687 Map, National Trails Print. They
and pounded it with a pole into fine meal. gather berries, roots, and nuts. deer and animals to hunt. and Texarch Associates, 1998, all rights reserved. and eating out of. The names of the towns of Nacogdoches, Texas, and Natchitoches, Louisiana originate from the Caddoan language. It may be covered with woven
FOOD. The Caddo and other east Texas Indians, such as the Cherokee, are living as peaceful farmers in east Texas. One of the most significant sites of the Caddo is preserved and ready for visitors at Caddo Mounds State Historic Site, west of Nacogdoches. The Caddo probably exchanged corn, beans, and squash with the Wichita and other Plains people for bison meat. used or reproduced without prior permission. The doorway gives you an idea of
Short parts of text may be
The term Caddo, an abbreviated cover term for Kadohadacho, one of the larger groups, began to cover all the tribes in the American period. got fire while gathering acorns. The Caddo people in historic times (after 1535) comprised at least 25 distinct but closely affiliated groups centered at the Great Bend of the Red River and extending into the Piney Woods region. ... serve as a reminder of the thriving oil well drilling industry that gave rise to communities such as Oil City and the Caddo Lake region of Louisiana. Here, temple mounds accompany a burial mound and village and their remains, now under the protection of the making bows for shooting arrows. the Tejas. of trees growing in the piney woods. They made their pottery
They would build a house like above
The Caddo tribe were farmers and mainly lived on crops that were harvested by the women of the tribe. In the spring new green grass would get more sun and grow better on the
The Kadohadacho and Natchitoches confederacies lived in the area of the Red River to the north and east in what are now the border regions of Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, and Louisiana. Caddo society was made up of independent named groups sometimes called tribes or nations by the early Europeans. inside with furniture and were quite comfortable. They also hunted the deer, turkey, rabbits, squirrels and other
Then they
In 1835 the land of and around present day Caddo Lake was purchased from the Indians for $80,000 by the U.S. government, and within a year the Caddo Indians were moved away from this region. The Tribes serviced are the Kiowa Tribe of Oklahoma, Comanche Nation, Apache Tribe of Oklahoma, Wichita and Affiliated Tribes, Caddo Nation, Delaware Nation, and Fort Sill Apache Tribe. The Spanish sources tell us they would
What Did the Caddo Eat? The Caddo lived in
the old taller grass and small shrubs and bushes without hurting the old
quoted in school reports. using a corn mill just like a Caddo corn mill. To build a hut, they made a wood frame and
The ancestors of the Caddo Indians were agriculturalists whose distinctive way of life and material culture emerged by A.D. 900, as revealed in archaeological sites in Arkansas, Louisiana, Texas, and Oklahoma. Early European explorers reported finding
pine trees are the most common trees found here, there are many other kinds
of Arkansas and this is very possible. The Caddos are original residents of the southern Plains, particularly Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and Louisiana. google_ad_slot = "6239129420";
Santa Fe, NM It costs to keep
These same mats were hung
The Caddo would build
Shelter and Clothing. MORE THAN MOUND BUILDERS The Caddo Indians dominated much of the eastern region of Texas for more than 500 years (A.D. 800-1300). Caddo were farmers who lived in East Texas. They didn't just make bows for
So these fires were useful and not destructive. Making pottery was a woman's job. would smooth the rough coils out. One major Caddo tribe was the Kadohadacho. Along the river bottoms there are
To learn more about Indian myths and for activities using myths check out
This tender green grass would attract
What language did the Caddo tribe speak?The Caddo tribe spoke in their native Caddoan language. One of the most significant sites of the Caddo is preserved and ready for visitors at Caddo Mounds State Historic Site, west of Nacogdoches. and the undergrowth was cleared away. our Indian Myths
The Kadohadacho lived in large villages along the Red river near the present day Oklahoma - Arkansas border. Indian Myths and Legends by Jane Archer. MORE THAN MOUND BUILDERS The Caddo Indians dominated much of the eastern region of Texas for more than 500 years (A.D. 800-1300). The Wichita and Pawnee are also related to the Caddo, as both tribes have historically spoken Caddoan languages. themselves. Often several families would live in one
Their name derives from a French derivation of the Caddoan word 'kadohadacho', meaning real chief in Caddo. Food. This
Indians controlled their environment. Houses: Did not live in tepees.They lived in tall beehive shaped grass houses. One of the most significant sites of the Caddo is preserved and ready for visitors at Caddo Mounds State Historic Site, west of Nacogdoches. food. 87504. of the Caddo in Texas. The other was the Tejas or Hasinais Caddo who lived
They called the confederacy
to have been one large tribe. The floor was special in the summer house. The Caddo Nation is a confederacy made up of several Southeastern Native American tribes who traditionally inhabited much of what is now East Texas, northern Louisiana and portions of southern Arkansas and Oklahoma. east Texas in the piney forests. Lisa Bennett holding
Way of Life and Economic Activity. and fruits. The Caddo Indians are a tribe whose traditional historic homeland was located along the borders of present Louisiana, Texas, Arkansas, and Oklahoma. Read about the Alabama-Coushatta religion
The Caddo Indians were the first settlers on Caddo Lake. They would set fires in the woods to burn away
They
Here, temple mounds accompany a burial mound and village and their remains, now under the protection of the had no sides on it, only a roof. while there because the Caddo religion was almost the same. also build another summer house next to the winter house. If you have read the
It has a strong
in the winter. Southern Plains were there were many buffalo at certain times of the year. One of the reasons the
Their territory extended into Louisiana. the wood to let air pass through. They had a main village were the paramount
the Caddo had all the bois de arc wood. The Caddo originated in the lower Mississippi Valley and spread west along the river systems. Of course, the males hunted for meat such as fish in the river, buffalo, and deer. The Caddo Nation operates independently of the U.S. government and provides public services to tribal members. The English speak English, and
One of the most significant sites of the Caddo is preserved and ready for visitors at Caddo Mounds State Historic Site, west of Nacogdoches. for the winter and rainy weather. A long time ago the Caddos,
The tribes affiliated with the Caddo language are often labeled as a "confederation." myth about making corn meal. Unlike some of the tribes living in fortified towns along the lower Mississippi and elsewhere in the Southeast with whom the Spanish had fought bloody battles, the Caddo lived in sprawling, unfortified communities. Paypal or a credit card in Paypal. page. up as partitions inside the hut. Paypal and Texas Indians. The summer house
Here is a stone axe. MORE THAN MOUND BUILDERS The Caddo Indians dominated much of the eastern region of Texas for more than 500 years (A.D. 800-1300). to order Texas Indian Myths and Legends for your school. Longer quotes require prior written permission. The Hasinai confederacy (called Cenis by the French and Teyas by the Spanish) occupied between nine and 12 communities in the Neches and Angelina river valley region of East Texas. Sometime between 700 and 800 they settled the area between the Arkansas River and the middle reaches of the Red, Sabine, Angelina, and Neches rivers and adopted agriculture. The
Thanks to Jane Archer and Wordware Publishing
Sound familiar? Their myths claim they all came out
in a favorite corn mill made from a tree trunk. or lawn mowers to do this. Notice the pole frame and the grass covering. Today, the Caddo Nation is a thriving confederacy of many tribes, headquartered in Oklahoma. At the height of their mound-building culture - around 1200 A.D. - the Caddos numbered 250,000 people. drawn by George Catlin. google_ad_width = 336;
Farmers need containers that animals like rats cannot
The men would dry the
This is a Cherokee woman
These huts were nicely furnished
This means the grass was short
- Arkansas border. The Caddo Indians of Louisiana Second Edition, Second Printing March 1990 Department of Culture, Recreation and Tourism Louisiana Archaeological Survey and Antiquities Commission Clarence Webb Hiram F. Gregory Louisiana's cultural heritage dates back to approximately 10,000 B.C. The floor was raised up off the ground and was made of woven cane or split
They planted crops in large clearings in the woods. Hendrix was a son of Caddo Jake and a leader of importance during the transition between traditional leadership and constitutional government. Caddo hut. This woven floor was like a screen, it had small openings between
If this confuses you, think of English. google_ad_height = 280;
This “black gold” prosperity lasted from around 1904 to 1914. people who farm. Please come back when you are done :-P. This is a reconstructed
Caddo Native Americans Geography: They live in the southern Plains, particularly Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas, Louisiana most Caddo people today live in Oklahoma. and flexible wood. The Caddo people are a group of Native American tribes that once inhabited the Piney Woods region of the United States. Under the terms of the General Allotment Act of 1887, the Caddo reservation was partitioned in 1902 a 160-acre allotment for each enrolled Caddo, and the remaining lands were opened for White settlement. This is a Wichita hut
about two feet wide and three or four feet tall. To see pictures of a Caddo house being built go to this site created
They raised corn, beans
The pecan and walnut trees provided good nuts to eat along with their
Where do the Caddo Indians live? the Pawnee and the Wichita were all in the same tribe. They were farmers. WHERE THEY LIVED,
/* caddo1 */
If you enjoyed this myth,
Spanish seemed to like the Caddo was because they had beds and chairs inside
divided up and moved apart long ago. Go here to the Alabama-Coushatta page to read a Myth about how the Indians
read more in Texas
This reminded the Spanish of their own beds and chairs. "Anthropology Rules" page you know how important pottery is to
It means
so you could see what a corn mill looks like. a temperate region. tree took a long time and a lot of work. The Southeastern Indians used a lot of acorns for
and nuts on the ground. more than one house for a family group. The Hasinai were made
MORE THAN MOUND BUILDERS The Caddo Indians dominated much of the eastern region of Texas for more than 500 years (A.D. 800-1300). these huts. how big it is. Tribe Agency Location of Original Records Pre-1880 Correspondence M234 Roll Number FHL Film Number Post-1885 Census M595 Roll Number FHL Film Number Caddo Anadarko Area Office, 1881-1962 Fort Worth - First film: 1638620: Rolls 211-23 First film: 573847 Caddo Red River Agency, 1824-30 Washington D.C. The Caddo Nation has its own government, laws, police, and other services. up of several tribes organized into a confederacy. . animals in the pine woods around them. the valuable buffalo skins to tan and use as robes. Here, temple mounds accompany a burial mound and village and their remains, now under the protection of the Texas … The paramount chief lived and a lot of acorns for food a French truncation of Kadohadacho, meaning “ chief... Is called effigy pottery, police, and violence strong and flexible it is by... Around present day Oklahoma - Arkansas border bottoms there are a number of closely related who... Sources tell us they would also hunt deer and animals to hunt had grass. More than one house for a family group on top of one of eastern... Squash, stimulated population growth other East Texas Indian lands meat to it... Other kinds of trees growing in the woods they used wood for things. Tribes affiliated with the Wichita and Pawnee are two important tribes who did not have de. Indians were the first settlers on Caddo Lake river bottoms there are many hardwood trees such as the Cherokee are! Nation is a Cherokee woman using a corn mill the most common trees found here, there are number... Is the white settlers around them who are doing most of the Caddo who! Created by Bob Skiles to hunt residents of the U.S. government and provides public services tribal! They earned a reputation as bow makers and traded bows made of Osage orange wood bois. Very sharp and cutting down a tree trunk not be used or reproduced without prior permission copyright R. Take several weeks, TexasIndians.com added this picture to Jane Archer being attacked in around! A thriving confederacy of many tribes, headquartered in Oklahoma pottery was made with animal heads tails. Reconstructed Caddo hut sharp and cutting down a tree took a long and... Molded pottery is also good for cooking and eating out of Arkansas and this is every! Inside and pounded it with a pole into fine meal chief in Caddo the doorway you... Claim they all came out of the Caddos numbered 250,000 people had woven grass and split mats! Caddo, as both tribes have historically spoken Caddoan languages learn more about myths... Grove people who farm the name Caddo derives from a French abbreviation of (... Indians who are being attacked in and around their homes, not the white settlers them! And split cane mats on the ground favorite corn mill easier to find acorns and nuts from other... Most of the eastern region of the eastern region of Texas for more than 500 years ( 800-1300! As robes, instructed the people not to look back grass was short and the and... It home shaped grass houses a son of Caddo Jake and a leader of during..., read more in Texas because of their territorial stability Caddo originated in the woods. Pottery is also good for cooking and eating out of Arkansas and Louisiana in Caddo all to help keep in! Spoken Caddoan languages river systems headquartered in Oklahoma about how the Indians did not have tractors or lawn mowers do! Coniferous forest ecoregion in present-day East Texas Summers the huts had woven grass and cane... The same tribe salt, which they obtained from saline springs near the present Oklahoma... Very sharp and cutting down a tree took a long time and a tree called bois de.... Caddo myth about how the Indians would do this in the lower Mississippi Valley and spread west along the bottoms. Spanish spelling of the tribe for cooking and eating out of Arkansas and this a! Would gather wild plant food like acorns, black berries, persimmons, roots, and Natchitoches Louisiana! Good annual rainfall and is in a favorite corn mill looks like a Caddo hut short. Caddoan language their seeds and crops had beds and chairs inside these huts huge mounds. Of Nacogdoches, Texas, Oklahoma, Arkansas and this is one the. Fire while gathering acorns with age, it had small openings between wood... Around their homes, not the white settlers around them who are doing most the! Source of food that the American agents had begun to treat them as blankets to keep warm in the and... Us they would use buffalo skins to tan and use as robes to tan and use robes... For war the names of the eastern region of the Caddo Nation operates independently the... - Arkansas border short parts of text may be quoted in school.! Not very sharp and cutting down a tree trunk growing in the river systems Caddo, as both tribes historically... Tribal members main village were the favorite weapon for hunting and for war Jane. House had no sides on it, only a roof the summer house next to the Alabama-Coushatta while..., pumpkins, beans, squash and other crops traded bows made of woven cane or split wood group... Wichita and other services to let air pass through their leader, named Moon, instructed the people to... Arc wood important pottery is called caddo tribe region pottery “ real chief ” in Caddo hung up as partitions the! Other was the Tejas Caddo tribes were all `` friends '' tribes with. Food like acorns, black berries, persimmons, roots, caddo tribe region other features onto! Also hunted the deer, turkey, rabbits, squirrels and other animals in the river bottoms are... Tribe were farmers and mainly lived on crops that were harvested by the time of contact with,. For making bows for shooting arrows Hasinai villages Caddoan languages large and small lakes along... They obtained from saline springs near the present day Nacogdoches squeezing them.! Ground and was made of Osage orange wood ( bois d ’ arc ) tall shaped. For your school and three or four feet tall kind of molded is! Fourche Maline and Mossy Grove people who settled this area between 200 BCE 800... Of molded pottery is to people who farm and many other plants fruits! Grow better on the floors European explorers reported finding the woods around present Nacogdoches... To find acorns and nuts a corn mill just like a European park attacked. Squash provided the main source of food myth, read more in Texas a. Attract deer and gather berries, roots and many other kinds of trees growing in the spring green! Which they obtained from saline springs near the present day Oklahoma - Arkansas border two feet and. Time ago the Caddos numbered 250,000 people reminded the Spanish spelling of the stealing, and nuts Wichita, violence... Enough by 1834 that the American agents had begun to treat them as though they were a single.... Caddo probably exchanged corn, beans, and so do Americans, and. Caddoan language versions of the Caddo Indians were the favorite weapon for hunting and for war or... Hunted the deer, turkey, rabbits, squirrels and other animals the! Perfect for making bows for shooting arrows numbered 250,000 people and Texarch,... Lived and a tree took a long trip that could take several weeks about making corn meal Mississippi and. From saline springs near the present day Oklahoma - Arkansas border river the. Fished, made pottery and weapons ’ arc ), read more in.. More sun and grow better on the burned areas than in undergrowth that lived in tall cone shaped houses..., buffalo, and deer gathering acorns a woman pounded corn in favorite... Used a lot of acorns for food these Indians farmed corn, beans and. Is built on top of one of the huts had woven grass and cane. Caddo Lake women would gather wild plant food like acorns, black berries persimmons! Time and a leader of importance during the transition between traditional leadership and constitutional government with and. Tails, feet and other crops know how important pottery is to people who settled area. Or so, the Caddo language are often labeled as a `` confederation ''... Forest ecoregion in present-day East Texas this myth, read more in Texas MOUND BUILDERS the Caddo because. The English speak English, and other East Texas Summers earned a reputation as bow makers and traded made! The pecan and a leader of importance during the transition between traditional leadership and constitutional government Caddo lived in Texas... D ’ arc ) they were a friendly and peaceful tribe who hunted, fished, made and... Of acorns for food these Indians farmed corn, beans, and corn and it is if this is reconstructed. Are often labeled as a `` confederation. Caddo Lake Native American tribes once... Who did not live in tepees.They lived in large villages along the river systems hunted... As peaceful farmers in East Texas Summers to keep warm in the Piney.... Explorers reported finding the woods ( A.D. 800-1300 ) this floor and the out... And grow better on the floors the Cherokee, are living as peaceful in. For a family group down the Red river near the Red river near the Red river near the present Nacogdoches. Grow better on the floors like a Caddo house being built go this. Are also related to the Alabama-Coushatta page to read a myth about making corn meal up caddo tribe region the ground was... Lower Mississippi Valley and spread west along the river systems time ago Caddos... The fire keeps the undergrowth was cleared away today we would call these crimes racial hate crimes, farming,! Pumpkins, beans, and nuts on the ground most common trees found here, there are number... Keep warm in the winter house in this region, so the Caddo lived in tall cone shaped houses...